Menurut Siswoyo (1989) udang diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut :
Pylum : Arthopoda
Sub Pylum : Mandibulata
Kelas : Crustace
Subv Kelas : Malacostrraca
Ordo : Decapoda
Sub Ordo : Natantia, Raptantia
Menurut Siswoyo (1989) udang diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut :
Pylum : Arthopoda
Sub Pylum : Mandibulata
Kelas : Crustace
Subv Kelas : Malacostrraca
Ordo : Decapoda
Sub Ordo : Natantia, Raptantia
Umur (hari) | Kepadatan (perliter air media) |
1 – 7 8 – 15 16 – 23 24 - 30 | 30 – 40 15 – 20 5 – 10 2 - 5 |
10 Great things NOT to do with Google AdSense |
by: Diane Nassy |
There is no question that you can make some good money with Google AdSense, but you’re setting yourself up for disaster if you make any of these Top 10 mistakes! 1. Do not use fake information when opening your Google AdSense account. Google says that’s a no-no and they will cut your account off and keep all the money you may have earned. Besides, trying to hide your true identity can cause serious problems with the I.R.S. or whoever your tax authority is. 2. Do not hack or modify Google AdSense code other than to change the parameters that Google authorizes you to change. Any attempt to bypass Google’s built-in algorithms not only poses a danger to the integrity of the network, but it threatens the financial modle that Google operates under. You’re not dealing with some Mom-and-Pop company here, and Google has the legal muscle and deep enough pockets to drag you through every court in the land if you damage their business with your hacking antics. 3. Keep AdSense ads off of your registration, confirmation, and all "thank you" pages. Don’t ask me why you can’t put your ads there. It makes sense to me that those would be wonderful locations. Google thinks otherwise, however, and doing so is a hanging offense according to their Terms of Service. 4. Do not display AdSense ads and a competitor's ads (like Overture's) on the same page at the same time. That just makes plain good sense. Google doesn’t demand 100% SITE loyalty from you, but they do insist that their own ads not be cluttered up by offerings from their competitors. 5. Don't "beg for clicks" or provide any incentive for clicking on your Google AdSense ads. This is a biggie and you see this rule violated all the time. Any of the “get paid to do stuff” sites that put Google ads in the member’s control panels are walking the plank and they don’t even realize it. Even those sites with the polite little messages asking you to “help keep my site running by clicking on our sponsor’s ads” are asking to be cut off if those happen to be Google ads. 6. Never click on the ads running on your own site, even if you are genuinely interested in the product or service and are thinking of buying it! Nothing screams FRAUD louder than a webmaster running up his or her own click counts by happily clicking on ads fromtheir own site. The Google Gods can track this activity and it won’t be long until you find yourself getting a goodbye note from their fraud team. 7. No misleading labeling Google is very specific about what text can be placed around their ads. Their Terms of Service state: “Publishers may not label the ads with text other than ‘sponsored links’ or ‘advertisements.’ This includes any text directly above our ads that could be confused with, or attempt to be associated with Google ads.” This is to keep visitors from becoming confused and barking up Google’s tree when they clicked on an ad that led to a porn site instead of the recipe site they were expecting to visit. 8. Avoid keyword spamming and other divisive tricks You may be tempted to buy one of those “generates thousands of key-word rich pages in seconds” programs that are so popular these days but I’ll tell you this: Their days are numbered. Google is wise to such shenanigans and they will be hot on your trail. Other prohibited gimmicks include: • ”Sneaky” page redirects that send a visitor off to a different site then they were expecting to visit. • Multiple sites, domains, pages, etc. which have substantially duplicate content. • Hidden text or links of any type. • Excessive outbound links on any page. Google recommends no more than 100. I’d keep it way below that. • And here is a nugget of wisdom straight from Google’s mouth: “Do not participate in link schemes designed to increase your site's ranking or PageRank. In particular, avoid links to web spammers or "bad neighborhoods" on the web as your website may be affected adversely by those links. 9. Don’t advertise anything on Google’s prohibited items list. It’s a lot shorter lists than PayPal’s or eBay’s, but it includes a lot of the same stuff like hacking/cracking content, porn, illegal drugs, gambling sites, beer or hard alcohol (I guess wine is OK), weapons, and the other usual stuff. 10. And the 10th dumbest thing NOT to do with Google AdSense is to let the other nine things stop you from running an honest site that’s designed to make the most out of this very profitable opportunity that Google offers! About the author: Diane provides marketing and internet profit tips. For more Google AdSense tips, visit http://www.adsense.deeljeabiz.com Email : deeljeabiz@gmail.com Circulated by Article Emporium |
Perkembangan Larva
Larva yang baru menetas bersifat pasif karena mulut dan matanya belum membuka sehingga pergerakannya tergantung arus air.Larva yang baru ditetaskan biasanya disebut larva berumur 0 hari (D-0) dengan membawa cadangan kuning telur dan gelembung minyak. Ukuran cadangan kuning telur dan gelembung minyak serta letak gelembung minyak pada kuning telur tergantung pada jenis ikan. Pada ikan kakap dan beronang, letak gelembung minyak cenderung berada pada ujung mendekati bagian kepala atau bagian depan, sedangkan pada larva ikan kerapu cenderung berada lebih jauh dari bagian kepala atau lebih dekat ke arah bagian belakang.
Gambar 18. Perkembangan larva ikan kakap merah, lutjanus argentimaculatus
Gambar 19. Perkembangan morfologi larva ikan beronang, siganus guttatus
Setelah berumur sehari, larva akan berkembang dan membentuk pasangan-pasangan alat sensor pada badannya yang disebut "cupulae". Alat cupulae ini seperti rambut-rambut pendek. Pada bagian ujung (dekat mulut) biasanya terdapat sepasang dan lainnya akan berada pada badannya. Alat sensor ini hanya dapat dilihat dengan bantuan mikroskop dengan posisi larva dilihat dari bagian atas. Dengan terbentuknya alat ini biasanya larva menjadi sensitif dari pengaruh luar. Cupulae ini akan tidak nampak atau hilang setelah larva berumur 2 hari.
Menjelang D-2 akan terbentuk pigmentasi pada mata kemudian dibarengi dengan terbukanya mulut. Setelah mata betul-betul membuka yang dapat ditandai dengan adanya sepasang pigmen hitam dibagian kepala kemudian mulut larva membuka dengan sempurna maka selanjutnya larva mulai berusaha mencari dan memangsa pakan yang ada di sekitarnya. Pada saat ini, cadangan kuning telur mulai menipis.
Mulai D-3 biasanya larva sudah aktif mencari mangsa, kuning telur habis diserap dan gelembung minyak mulai menipis. Tampaknya gelembung minyak merupakan cadangan energi untuk larva sampai larva mendapatkan mangsanya. Setelah gelembung minyak habis
dan larva ternyata tidak menemukan mangsanya maka larva akan mati. Pada periode inilah merupakan masa-masa kritis. Pada D-3 umumnya larva mulai menampakkan sirip-sirip dada dan saluran pencernaannya mulai berkembang.
Setelah larva berumur sekitar satu minggu, duri punggung mulai berkembang dan pigmentasi di seluruh badan mulai tampak. Untuk selanjutnya, larva akan berkembang terus hingga sampai mengalami metamorfosis yaitu perubahan menuju bentuk ikan lengkap kira-kira berumur satu bulan. Pada umur itu, semua organ sudah terbentuk dengan sempurna. Setiap jenis larva ikan mempunyai perbedaan perkembangan morfologi. Sebagai contoh tercantum dalam Gambar 18 dan Gambar 19.
sumber:
Drs. Pramu Sunyoto
Dr. Mustahal, M.Sc
Penebar Swadaya
Asam Lemak | Telur | Larva umur 3 hari |
14:0 15:0 16:0 16:1 18:0 18:2 0 9 18:2 0 6 18:3 0 6 18:3 0 3 18:4 o 3 20:0 20:1 o 9 20:2 o 9 20:2 o 6 20:3 o 6 20:4 o 6 20:4 o 3 20:5 o 3 22:1 0 1 22:4 o 6 22:5 o 6 22:5 o 3 22:6 o 3 o -3 HUFA | 3,8 0,3 19,5 8,4 5,0 22,1 6,5 0,0 0,6 0,5 0,2 1,0 0,1 0,2 0,1 1,0 0,7 7,7 0,0 0,3 0,1 2,3 17,8 28,5 | 5,5 0,7 26,5 6,8 7,0 14,2 5,2 0,1 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,6 0,0 0,2 0,1 1,6 0,5 7,2 0,2 0,1 0,2 1,6 18,7 28,0 |
| Pollack Liver | Asam Lemak | Squid Liver | Sardine | Bonito |
14:0 16:0 16:1 18:0 18:1 o 9 18:2 o 6 18:2 o 3 20:1 o 9 20:4 o 6 20:5 o 3 22:1 o 9 22:4 o 6 22:5 o 3 22:6 o 3 o 3HUFA | 2,8 16,1 12,1 2,0 16,7 1,2 0,3 16,8 1,8 9,1 6,2 0,4 0,5 2,4 12,0 | 8,7 18,18 9,9 1,3 18,1 0,7 0,6 15,3 0,3 7,8 11,9 0,9 0,9 2,3 11,6 | 7,6 19,1 5,6 3,4 19,0 1,5 1,0 11,7 1,3 9,6 5,3 0,5 1,1 9,5 20,3 | 8,9 20,1 7,8 2,7 13,4 1,4 1,3 9,3 1,0 12,5 6,0 1,2 2,8 7,9 23,2 | 5,7 24,7 6,9 6,4 14,5 1,9 0,9 1,8 1,6 5,1 - 0,6 1,6 16,7 23,4 |
Drs. Pramu Sunyoto
Dr. Mustahal, M.Sc
Penebar Swadaya