Lerniasis (fish disease)

Lerniasis (fish disease)

Cause: Lemaeae cyprinaceae and L. arcuata
Bio - Ecology:
• The parasite is known as anchor worm (anchor worm).
• Sticking to the body of the fish with the "anchor" the stabbing and develop under the skin.
• The parasite is equipped with two egg sacs will be seen hanging outside the body of the fish.
• Almost all freshwater fish species susceptible to this parasitic infection, particularly the size of the seed.
• At high levels of infection can lead to serious cases of death.

Clinical Symptoms:
• Looks like an arrow that pierced the body of the fish. Sometimes the moss parasites on the body so that the infected fish looks like carrying a green flag
• There was a wound or bleeding at the site where the patch. In fish seed puncture it can reach internal organs so that it can lead to death
Diagnosis:
• Visually looks a parasite that attach to the fish body
Control:
• Precipitation and filtering incoming water.
• Destruction of infected fish and draining the pond, followed by calcification.
• Soaking with:
✓ formalin solution at 250 ppm for 15 minutes.
✓ Abate solution at a dose of 1 ppm (aquarium) and 1.5 ppm (Pool)
✓ dichlorvos solution 0.2 mg / L for 24 hours or more, every week for 4 consecutive weeks

sumber : Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya, Direktorat Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan, 2010

Lerniasis (penyakit Ikan)

Lerniasis

Penyebab : Lemaeae cyprinaceae dan L. arcuata
Bio — Ekologi :
• Parasit ini dikenal sebagai cacing jangkar (anchor worm).
• Menempel ke tubuh ikan dengan "jangkar" yang menusuk dan berkembang di bawah kulit.
• Badan parasit dilengkapi dengan dua buah kantung telur akan terlihat menggantung di luar tubuh ikan.
• Hampir semua jenis ikan air tawar rentan terhadap infeksi parasit ini, terutama yang berukuran benih.
• Pada tingkat infeksi yang tinggi dapat mengakibatkan kasus kematian yang serius.

Gejala Klinis :
• Terlihat menyerupai panah yang menusuk tubuh ikan. Terkadang pada tubuh parasit ditumbuhi lumut sehingga ikan yang terinfeksi terlihat seperti membawa bendera hijau
• Terjadi luka atau pendarahan pada lokasi tempat penempelannya. Pada benih ikan dalamnya tusukan bisa mencapai organ dalam sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kematian
Diagnosa :
• Secara visual terlihat adanya parasit yang menempel pada tubuh ikan
Pengendalian :
• Pengendapan dan penyaringan air masuk.
• Pemusnahan ikan yang terinfeksi dan pengeringan dasar kolam yang diikuti dengan pengapuran.
• Perendaman dengan :
✓ Larutan formalin pada 250 ppm selama 15 menit.
✓ Larutan Abate pada dosis 1 ppm (akuarium) dan 1,5 ppm (kolam)
✓ Larutan Dichlorvos 0,2 mg/L selama 24 jam atau lebih, setiap minggu selama 4 minggu berturut-turut

sumber : Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya, Direktorat Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan, 2010

VALIDASI DATA STATISTIK PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA DIMAJUKAN WAKTUNYA

VALIDASI DATA STATISTIK PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA DIMAJUKAN WAKTUNYA

Dalam rangka percepatan publikasi data statistik perikanan budidaya, kegiatan validasi data yang dikirim oleh dinas propinsi akan dipercepat waktunya mendahului kegiatan forum koordinasi statistik perikanan budidaya. Validasi data statistik perikanan budidaya pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya diselenggarakan pada kuartal III tahun yang bersangkutan menyebabkan publikasi data statistik perikanan budidaya menjadi terlambat dan kurang up to date. Dengan didahulukannya kegiatan validasi diharapkan publikasi data statistik akan lebih cepat dan dapat segera dimanfaatkan oleh stakeholder.



Validasi data statistik perikanan budidaya yang akan dilakukan meliputi volume dan nilai produksi perjenis budidaya, Rumah Tangga Perikanan Budidaya (RTP) perjenis budidaya, dan luas lahan perjenis budidaya.



Statistik produksi benih mulai dipublikasikan tahun 2009 dan akan dilakukan validasinya bersamaan dengan pelaksanaan validasi data produksi pembesaran. Validasi yang dilakukan terhadap statistik produksi benih terbatas pada volume dan nilai produksi saja.



Begitu pula dengan statistik perikanan budidaya ikan hias yang akan dilakukan validasinya pada saat yang sama. Publikasi statistik perikanan budidaya ikan hias ini, sejalan dengan program perikanan budidaya untuk mengembangkan kawasan-kawasan komoditas potensial seperti ikan hias.



Untuk keperluan tersebut, diminta kepada Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Propinsi seluruh Indonesia dapat menyiapkan data-data yang akan divalidasi pada acara tersebut

sumber : http://www.perikanan-budidaya.kkp.go.id

Benediasis

Benediasis

Cause: Benedinia sp. and Neo Benedinia sp.

Bio-Ecology Pathogens:
• blood eaters' blood feeder ", infect marine fish, especially snapper, and grouper.
• Parasites belonging to the Capsalid monogenea, which is a kind of worm trematoda.
• serious cases generally occur in fish culture in floating net (KJA).
• If the eye can cause blindness, and the resulting wound is the entrance for secondary bacterial infections.
• Deaths due to heavy infection can reach 30%.


Clinical symptoms:
• Wounds and bleeding at the site of the bite, and this looks visually parasites attached to the body of the fish, especially on the scales or on the fin (visible after the infected fish marinated in fresh water for several minutes)
• In severe infection the parasite can infect the eye, so that the eyelets will look white.


Diagnosis:
• Visually looks a parasite that attach to the fish's body, if placed in freshwater fish

Control:
• shed the parasite in the container is limited by using fresh water for 2-5 minutes.
• Soaking in a solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a dose of 150 ppm for 10-30 minutes.
• After the parasitic loss, the fish was transferred to another container to prevent any secondary infection by bacteria in the parasite bites.


source : Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya, Direktorat Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan, 2010

Benediasis ( penyakit ikan )

Benediasis

Penyebab: Benedinia sp. dan Neo Benedinia sp.

Bio —Ekologi Patogen:
• Pemakan darah "blood feeder", menginfeksi ikan air laut, terutama kakap, dan kerapu.
• Parasit tergolong pada Capsalid monogenea, yaitu sejenis cacing trematoda.
• Kasus serius umumnya terjadi pada budidaya ikan di karamba jaring apung (KJA).
• Apabila pada mata dapat menyebabkan kebutaan, dan luka yang diakibatkannya merupakan pintu masuk bagi bakteri penginfeksi sekunder.
• Kematian akibat infeksi berat bisa mencapai 30%.


Gejala klinis :
• Luka serta pendarahan pada tempat gigitan, dan secara visual parasit ini tampak menempel pada tubuh ikan terutama pada sisik atau pada sirip (nampak setelah ikan yang terinfeksi direndam dalam air tawar untuk beberapa menit)
• Pada infeksi berat parasit tersebut bisa menginfeksi mata, sehingga mata ikan akan kelihatan memutih.


Diagnosa :
• Secara visual terlihat adanya parasit yang menempel pada tubuh ikan, kalau ikan ditempatkan dalam air tawar

Pengendalian :
• Merontokkan parasit dalam wadah terbatas dengan menggunakan air tawar selama 2-5 menit.
• Perendaman dalam larutan hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pada dosis 150 ppm selama 10-30 menit.
• Setelah parasit rontok, ikan dipindahkan ke wadah lain untuk mencegah adanya infeksi sekunder oleh bakteri pada bekas gigitan parasit.

sumber : Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya, Direktorat Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan, 2010

Homemade Carp Bait Design - Formulating Your Own Recipes for Big Fish!

Homemade Carp Bait Design - Formulating Your Own Recipes for Big Fish!


Author:

Tim Richardson

Being able to formulate your own homemade carp bait recipes is such a powerful edge! Even if you happen to be a commercial bait maker, the same skills and knowledge and creativity apply. So how can you do it as a beginner or reasonably skilled bait-making angler? Read on for some great expert tips you probably will never read anywhere else!


I speak to a number of commercial bait makers on a regular basis as friends, and I am intrigued at how there really is little difference between the process of formulating homemade baits compared to commercial ones. They both have to work on a variety of waters all year round and work instantly, and have the capability to out-fish competing baits due to special features, components or other actions or characteristics etc that they may offer.


But do not be confused about the word instant. In fact highly nutritionally-stimulating baits can very easily have great edges over over-flavoured baits. Also, highly stimulating nutritional baits can be over-flavoured; many lines of concepts and approaches to bait design can cross-over, blend and enhance each other. This really struck me when I did some bait testing of various substances for Rod Hutchinson among others around the late eighties when I knew the boilie base mixes had been optimised for nutritional attraction, but were also used with sometimes very significant levels of flavours, and these worked extremely successfully for me as I experimented with different flavour levels!


A good homemade bait maker will maximise his baits for maximum effect, whether he is fishing waters dominated by brands of popular readymade baits or not. One flaw of many anglers fixation with recipes is that you do not necessarily need highly complex recipes to catch loads of fish. For instance there have been countless occasions when a great flavour used in a very low nutritional value bait has caught the biggest fish in a lake long with very significant numbers of other fish. The butyrate in pineapple flavour for instance can be enhanced in various ways so that when it is used even very simple carbohydrate-based baits (which are really basically flavour carriers,) results are pretty good.


Unfortunately there appears to be a mindset among far too anglers these days that for instance a yellow bait should mean it has a pineapple flavour. This kind of thinking really is hilarious and shows just how illogical thinking about baits by many carp anglers has become. For a start, why should you use a yellow bait, why should you use a bait with any significant flavour anyway, and even why should you even use a standard boilie bait at all? How many anglers even know which components within most pineapple flavours actually initiate any response by carp at all?


How many anglers have figured out what tones carp most easily detect in what light and water conditions anyway? It takes work and often long experience to figure out such things in real fishing terms and not merely in theoretical terms. But so many anglers just want it all on a plate, given to them instantly, with a minimum of thought involved. Obviously this mindset leads to stagnation of thinking processes and development of development of the angler in many ways that ruins otherwise great chances and potential opportunities for catches that anglers are simply not aware of! And of course then the bait or rig or conditions or whatever else gets the blame for poor results!


So for you thinking anglers reading this, (and I know you are many otherwise why would you be this article,) an enquiring mind is never satiated, just like a carp should never be satisfied after eating your baits; he should always want more and more!


So now, how about me giving you a few suggestions for formulating your own homemade baits! What kinds of ideas might help you that might well make a difference? Well firstly, do not begin with recipes and do not begin with ingredients. Consider where carp live, how they evolved their bodies in response to the available nutrition they have had in their environment for millennia.


Could it be that the availability of protein-rich mussel, snails and bloodworm for instance influence how external and internal senses and have become extremely sensitive to minute levels of excretions such organisms expel into the water column; thus making them detectable to hungry fish needing the nutrition within those organisms in order to survive. What about digestive juice excretions along the length of the digestive tract of carp and the efficiency of the wall of the tract to absorb digested nutrition; what natural substances and materials have influenced the optimum performance of this structure and the processes that are performed by the body chemistry, and physically too?


When you begin your design with the fish and realise that everything in your bait must be detected by fish within a water environment not an air environment, that too really has a great bearing on your choices and decisions about how important different aspects of your bait will be and how to optimise your baits and their performance most appropriately. For instance it is far better not to boil you baits in water. Apart from damage to nutritional factors that stimulate fish feeding and habitual aspects about baits in regards to repetitive fish feeding, boiling in just water simply leaches out an enormous volume of materials that really should only be leached out when you fish with those baits.


The skins of baits boiled in water are very much leached of attraction to the degree that the smell of the coagulated eggs in baits boiled like this are very obviously apparent; this is definitely not a good thing in the competitive world of carp fishing today, but much worse, you have lost performance!


If you are boiling your baits and the water you boil you baits in is obviously pretty attractive after your boiling of baits that is an obvious sign that you have just lost loads of potential bait performance by losing substances you just leached out of your baits into the boiled water. If nothing else if you must boil baits, add things like molasses, or a sweetener, or enhancer or a syrup, or a soluble extract, or fruit juice or a puree or soluble fish meal, Oxo or Marmite or pure vanilla extract or maple syrup or whatever in order to replace something of what is lost!


Ideally you will fast steam baits if you do heat you baits, but remember that heating baits to make hard baits is certainly far from absolutely necessary. It used to be the case that most leading carp anglers did their fishing using soft soluble paste baits; and these baits caught loads of record carp you know!


So I guess you still want a recipe or some choices for recipes of your own to adapt. OK so you know that starting out your design from the fish perspective is the way to approach things. This means that literally everything you put into your bait has a very significant reason for being there! For instance, the core of a bait might be low temperature fish meal which is an exceptional digestible nutritional food source. You might decide to bind this with perhaps whey protein concentrate.


This exceptional soluble milk provides extremely high quality protein among other factors. You do not need to get into first limiting amino acids etc unless you really do have all the technical data on every single ingredient in your bait; The vast majority of carp baits work in spite of not being optimised for digestion efficiency and much of the protein in high nutritional value baits is not digested nor assimilated for a variety of reasons anyway!


Caseins have been a part of carp bait making for so many years. These have fantastic track record, and various forms can be combined to take best advantage of their impressive essential amino acid profiles which they supply to carp. 90 mesh acid casein for example provides soft centred baits for less dense, softer moister more soluble base mixes when made and can be utilised in an extremely wide range of bait applications. 30 mesh acid casein is a prime ingredient for many applications not just boilies, and pop-up or paste baits. It is ideal for harder more resilient baits against nuisance fish for example and helps binding. Casein has unique properties and a protein content in excess of 90 percent.


Calcium caseinate has been traditionally used in boilies pastes and pop-up mixes in varying levels depending on the buoyancy and density and solubility required as it can be utilised to for all these purposes. It may be used at 4 or 5 ounces per pound in base mixes and even 6 or 7 ounces in buoyant baits. Soluble milk ingredients are a very significant part of carp bait history through the decades so you can imagine how important they are.


I will diverge a bit here and just say you can make a very effective bait just using ordinary wheat flour, betaine, a liquid amino acid, vitamin, mineral and trace element complex along with a subtle flavour, plus maybe additional enhancers, bioactive and metabolic factors, maybe enzyme active substances, and a mixture of protein-based and carbohydrate-based sweeteners. In other words you can easily make fish respond to baits even if they are not high in protein. You base mix does not have to be high in protein at all. In fact it is pretty obvious that much of the proteins available in the very high protein baits of the seventies era for example could not be utilised by carp due to limiting factors for one thing!


Protein ingredients are certainly stimulatory to carp; in fact carp are exceptionally sensitive to the key amines they require for basic survival as the providers of the building blocks of life. They contribute to the make-up of essential substances in carp and humans too, for things such as transporting oxygen to where it is required in chemical processes, and in the production of digestive juices for example. Yes proteins are very vital for life, but certainly not the only answer when formulating successful fishing baits for carp, or catfish, or barbel, or tench or whatever.


I say this because for example, these fish and individuals within each fish species and strain are taste specific, meaning they are more sensitive to various taste substances, and different smell-related components. For example you can do very well on a bait with a particular flavour, but then if you add a particular edible dye in order to produce a highly visual bait you can easily transform that bait into a different maybe less successful bait due to the E numbers in the dye masking significant triggers and attractors within the bait, and such E numbers may even prove to be repellent even though they are classed as edible!


Remember that carp are more than doubly as sensitive as dogs OK! So here is some more food for thought, and I hope this has got your little grey cells buzzing! Revealed in my unique readymade bait and homemade bait carp and catfish bait secrets ebooks is far more powerful information look up my unique website (Baitbigfish) and see my biography below for details of my ebooks deals right now!


By Tim Richardson.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/fishing-articles/homemade-carp-bait-design-formulating-your-own-recipes-for-big-fish-3421331.html

About the Author

Now why not seize this moment to improve your catches for life with these unique fishing bibles: 'BIG CARP FLAVOURS FEEDING TRIGGERS AND CARP SENSES EXPLOITATION SECRETS!' 'BIG CARP AND CATFISH BAIT SECRETS!' And 'BIG CARP BAIT SECRETS!' For these and much more now visit:

http://www.baitbigfish.com

The home of the world-wide proven homemade bait making and readymade bait success secrets bibles and more unique free bait secrets articles by Tim Richardson!

Colorful Koi Carp

Colorful Koi Carp


Author:

Don Miller

From their humble beginnings as fish food for Chinese rice farmers, these colorful Koi carp were brought to Japan in the 17th century, not only to be cultivated for cheap nutritious food for their own rice farmers, but also for their aesthetic appeal.

The colorful Koi carp are the domesticated varieties of the common carp. In fact, the word Koi comes from the Japanese word meaning “carp” which was where they were bred for the first time around the 1820’s.

Now Koi are considered to be one of the most popular fresh-water pond fish,, and can be found gracing the waters of millions of outdoor ponds all over the world.

They are not only loved for their variety of colors but also for the longevity of their lives. The longest living Koi ever recorded in history died at the rip old age of two hundred twenty-six.

Koi come in a huge variety of patterns and colors including, red, orange, yellow, black, white, silver or even blue or green. There are potentially thousands of different types of Koi, with about 20 different popular versions. Koi are popular because of their beautiful colors and designs.

Although Koi is simply a carp, modern specimens are products of selective breeding over many generations. Outside elements such as the environment that they live in and the diet they eat can also affect the color of Koi.

It is easy to understand the patience and skill it took for the first Japanese breeders to develop such a magnificent fish.

Koi are extremely social with other breeds of fish as long as they are not small enough to be eaten by these opportunistic

feeders. In a smaller pond Koi may seem to school together, but in larger areas they tend to split up into small groups.

Most fish owners understand that most fish will only grow to the size of their enclosure. However, because Koi can grow to be a large fish, they require and thrive in ponds that are about five hundred gallons or more.

It is important to keep the number of fish in a pond relative to the amount of water that the pond holds. The depth and size of the pond is extremely important.

A pond that contains a depth of at least four feet provides enough room for the colorful Koi to thrive. The health of the fish depends a lot upon the amount of space that Koi fish owners provide their fish with.

Koi can be kept outside in the winter. As the winter temperatures begin to drop, the colorful Koi fish will begin their winter hibernation, and their digestive systems will slow almost to a halt.

However, undigested food in their stomachs can grow rancid and could cause the fish to become sick. Because of this, Koi should not be feed in weather less the fifty degrees Fahrenheit.

Outdoor ponds can be relaxing when the sounds of the rippling water flows through the yard but, no pond is complete without a gorgeous ornamental fish like the Colorful Koi

Many Koi owners consider themselves lucky to be able to have these fish touch their lives and brighten up their worlds.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/pets-articles/colorful-koi-carp-984808.html

About the Author

Don Miller has been breeding Koi for over 25 years. If you found the article on Koi Care of interest, you will also find further information and articles at the Koi Guide website
http://www.go-to1.com/koi