Sand Sea Cucumber
In Indonesian waters, there are many kinds of sea cucumbers. However, that has high economic value are only a few species only. the sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra), sea cucumbers, black abdomen (H. atra), sea cucumbers milk (H. nobilis), sea cucumbers red belly (H. edulis), and sea cucumbers pineapple (Ananas Thelenota). Sea cucumbers are delicious side dishes and liked the Chinese community and sell high value on the market. Sea cucumbers are traded in the form of preservation / dry.
Currently many countries in the world who grow cucumbers, one of which was a lot of sea cucumbers grown in Indonesia is the sand sea cucumber (Holothuria scabs). Sand sea cucumber cultivation made possible by coastal communities. This is because the mind power technique is quite simple and the necessary investment is relatively small.
A. Systematics
Family Holothuridae
Holothuridae Species scabra
Trade name sea cucumber, beche-de-mere
Local name sea cucumber
B. The characteristics and Biological Aspects
1. Physical characteristics
Elongated physique like cucumbers. By karma that this animal called the sea cucumber or sea cucumber. Mouth and anus located at both ends of the body. Part of his punggun
gray with a white ribbon or yellow extending horizontally. Lower body is white and mottled black / dark.
2. Growth and development
Sand sea cucumber can grow up to sizes 40 inches and weighs 1.5 kg. Gonadal maturation of aquatic animals settle two (diocese), first occurred in the average size of 220 mm. A female sea cucumbers are able to produce eggs in very much until they reach about 1.9 million eggs. Animal life cycle begins with the fertilized eggs that will hatch in 2 days seitar time.
C. Cultivation Site Selection
Location cucumber cultivation of good meet the following criteria.
- Basic water consists of sand.
- Sand lined muddy seagrass (seagrass).
- At the lowest ebb was still inundated by deep water between
4o-8o cm.
- Brightness of water above 75 cm and the flow is not too strong and sheltered from strong winds.
- The waters are not polluted and is within easy reach.
- Salinity between 24-33 ppt and temperature of 25-30 degrees centigrade
D. Container Cultivation
at the selected location step on brackets built a fence made of bamboo or wood. Brackets Waring step on the nylon-coated 0.2 cm size of the eye next to it. Bamboo fence / boards should be embedded in and strong enough to the bottom waters so as not to leak. confinement. Size approximately 50 M2 cages or tailored to the needs. For example, stocking of size cucumbers density should be 40-60 g 6-8 ekor/m2
or a larger sea cucumbers, which is between 70-100 g with a density of 4-6 ekor/m2
E. Cultivation Management
1. Provision of seeds
Selected cucumber seeds uniform, both in types and sizes. Characteristic of the good seed is the body contains and no defects. Avoid also the selection of seeds that have been issued a yellow liquid.
Transporting seeds should not in a long time (more than one hour) and in a state stacked / solid. Transport of seeds carried out in the morning or at night or during low temperatures. Containers used in transporting sand substrates were given, especially for an open transport system.
2. Spreading. seeds
Seed cucumbers with initial weight of 40-60 g of spread into the brackets 5-6 density step on the tail / m 2. Spreading done in the morning, afternoon, or when the temperature / low water. before the seeds spread, the seeds have first adapted to salinity and water conditions in cultivation sites.
3. Feeding
Cucumbers feed consists of microorganisms, like bacteria and ptotozoa, remains benthos, macro algae, and detritus. During the maintenance which lasted about 4-5 months, the seeds of cucumbers were given feed chicken manure, compost, or mixed with bran 0.1 kg / m 2 once a week. Chicken manure or fine bran before spread mixed with clean water, then stir thoroughly so as not to drift or float.
Feeding is done at low tide. Provision of chicken manure serves as fertilizer to stimulate growth that is diatomae main feed cucumbers.
F. Controlling Pests and Diseases
Types of common pests datam confinement
cucumbers are crabs, sea urchins, and starfish. Pest control by manually taking a certain period. Meanwhile, the type of disease affecting
Holothuroidae sea cucumbers in the family has not been known for its power of mind is underdeveloped.
G. Harvest
Sea cucumbers the size of consumption with weight 300-500 g can be achieved when maintained for 4-5 months to harvest. Sea cucumber harvest done at low tide. Harvest done several times as many who immerse themselves in sand or mud. To determine whether the sea cucumber is terpanen all, pengecakan performed at high tide because the sea cucumber happy out of hiding after the high tide.
source: PenebarSwadaya, 2008
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