Kima shellfish cultivation
Indonesia is the region of the distribution of 4 species kima is squama kima (T. squamosa), kima great (T. Maxima), kima holes (T. crocea), and T. derasa. In addition, there are also kima other species, namely H. hypophus, T. gigas, and H. porcellanus.
Tridacna shell is a kind of famous because of its size and relatively large body shell used as a raw material for industrial decoration. Because of intensive hunting, the type of shell is reduced so that the population to protection with the inclusion in CITES. Type of shell is not listed in the book production statistics for national and global.
A. Sistematika
Family: Tridacnidae
Species: Tridacna spp
Trade names: giant clam
Local name: --
B. The characteristics of Biology and the Aspect
I. Physical characteristics
body shell has a slit without byssus-tooth gear lock. When fully opened, lateral mantle appear through the body shell.
2. Growth and development
Kima growth vary according to species.
Kima the largest type size, namely T. gigas can reach the size of one meter and bobotnya about 200 kg.
Other types of kima is large T. derasa length of 6o cm. The size of other species, such as T and T squamosa maxima around 35-40 cm. Among the to-5 type of Tridacna is the smallest size T. crocea. The size of the type of pitch length kima is about 15 cm.
C. Elections Location Cultivation
Best location for power kima is cultivated areas that have clear water (brightness> 10 m) and high salt (34-35 ppt) throughout the year.
D. Cultivation vessel
Efforts indebted power kima basically lead to conservation activities or restocking / stock enhancement. A clear-minded activities charged in the case, especially the provision of seeds. For the maintenance of the seed used tank-concrete and fiberglass tanks.
From the ecological aspect, this animal is one of the marine organisms that live in coral ecosystems. Several types of kima live on the stick. coral. Moral power to vessel enlargement kima reef waters is open. Seeds that are ready tebar after juvenil is kept in the tanks for 3-4 months.
E. Management of Cultivation
1. Provision of seeds
Shells through this phase trocophore, which hatch from eggs flyblow changed to veliger. Next, veliger be changed again and eventually become pediveliger kima young.
stage (hatchery) covers maintenance flyblow resulting from a fertilized egg. Implementation in the vessel placed in the room (indoor) and outdoor (outdoor).
2. Maintenance of seed
Pendederan stages (nursery) in form of young oysters from the length, body shell of 0.2 mm to reach young kima measuring 20-30 mm. This activity is carried out using a tank-tank in the hatchery (residence seed).
3. Maintenance stages of the seed in the sea
At this stage the young kima size is about 20 mm in length to the vessel body shell. reach the 200 MM.
4. enlargement
Stages of enlargement, the size of 200 mm long body shell is ready to harvest, on the other. This stage has not been implemented in a commercial because it has not been economical.
F. Controlling Pests and Diseases
Pyramidellid parasite attack and cause the death of 100% of the T. squamosa used in the experiment. Kima is also often become prey octopus (oktopus). An octopus can take more than 15 kima tails in a few nights. Of the disease is not much known
G. Harvest
Kima enlargement is done on open water. Term harvest must be distinguished between the collection / capture of the old nature is prohibited, harvest basil and stock enhancement activities. To export the size (length 15-20 cm), long maintenance of about 2 years. Harvesting is done with the use of assisted taken a tool on the marked area, that area is the location of stock enhancement. Harvesting in living conditions, for example, to fill the aquarium, because the price will be more expensive than kima dead.
source: PenebarSwadaya 2008
